{"id":1192,"date":"2026-08-13T16:39:03","date_gmt":"2026-08-13T14:39:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exnovo.law\/?p=1192"},"modified":"2026-08-13T16:45:34","modified_gmt":"2026-08-13T14:45:34","slug":"can-an-estate-agent-charge-commission-to-both-the-buyer-and-the-seller-in-catalonia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/exnovo.law\/en\/can-an-estate-agent-charge-commission-to-both-the-buyer-and-the-seller-in-catalonia\/","title":{"rendered":"Can an estate agent charge commission to both the buyer and the seller in Catalonia?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is common for a estate agency to be involved in property sales. However, one issue is becoming increasingly controversial:&nbsp;<strong>can the same agent charge fees to both the seller and the buyer for a single transaction?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Catalonia, the answer is not an automatic \u2018yes\u2019. Double commission is subject to one essential condition:&nbsp;<strong>it must have been expressly agreed<\/strong>. Furthermore, when the buyer is acting as a consumer, the agency must comply with strict duties of disclosure and transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The general rule: fees cannot be charged to both parties without an express agreement<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Article 55.6.i of&nbsp;Law 18\/2007 of 28 December on the Right to Housing in Catalonia&nbsp;stipulates that the agent\u2019s remuneration must consist of a percentage of the price or a fixed sum. It then sets out a particularly important rule:&nbsp;<strong>the agent may not receive remuneration from both parties involved in the transaction for the same deal, unless there is an express agreement to that effect<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, double commission is not strictly prohibited, but nor can it be presumed. The estate agent must be able to demonstrate that the buyer and seller were aware that the agent would be paid by both parties and that they expressly accepted this arrangement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is a clear justification for this requirement: an agent acting on behalf of both parties may face a&nbsp;<strong>conflict of interest<\/strong>. The seller normally seeks to obtain the best possible price, whilst the buyer aims to purchase the property on the most favourable terms. For this reason, the agent\u2019s dual representation and the associated costs must be communicated with complete clarity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The seller\u2019s letter of instruction is mandatory<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before advertising or marketing a property on behalf of the owner, the agency must sign an&nbsp;<strong>agency agreement<\/strong>&nbsp;with the owner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under the Catalan Law on the Right to Housing, this document must include, amongst other details:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The identity of the agent and their registration number in the relevant register.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The identity of the owner.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A description of the transaction entrusted to the agency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The identification of the property and its legal status.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The asking price.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The duration of the mandate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The powers granted to the agency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The agent\u2019s remuneration and the method of payment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The law expressly prohibits offering or advertising third-party properties without first having signed this mandate. The absence of such a mandate is not merely a procedural irregularity: it may constitute a&nbsp;<strong>serious administrative offence<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Furthermore, if the agency claims fees from the seller, the agency agreement is the primary means of proving who engaged its services, how much it was due to be paid and when the commission became payable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does the seller\u2019s letter of engagement also bind the buyer?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>No.&nbsp;<\/strong>An agency agreement signed exclusively between the owner and the agency does not, in itself, make the buyer liable for a commission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The contract is binding only on the parties who enter into it. Therefore, even if the agency\u2019s letter of engagement states that the agency also intends to charge the buyer, it will be necessary to prove that the buyer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Was informed of this before becoming bound by the transaction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Was aware of the amount of the fees or the method used to calculate them.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Agreed to contract a paid service.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Explicitly agreed that the agency would receive fees from both parties.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is not sufficient for the buyer to have responded to an advert, visited the property or made an offer. These actions may form part of the marketing service that the agency is already providing to the seller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nor can the cost of the service contracted by the owner be unilaterally passed on to the buyer. In order to charge the buyer, there must be a&nbsp;<strong>separate and distinct contractual relationship<\/strong>, even if this can be documented alongside the acceptance of dual agency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is a visit report sufficient?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The answer depends on its content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A visit form normally confirms that the buyer became aware of the property through the agency and that they carried out a viewing on a specific date. However,&nbsp;<strong>it does not necessarily amount to a professional mandate or the acceptance of a commission<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In order to justify charging the buyer, it should state clearly and comprehensibly:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>That the buyer is contracting a brokerage or advisory service.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What specific services the agency will provide.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The total amount of the fees, or the percentage and basis of calculation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The applicable taxes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The point at which the commission is payable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>That the agency also receives fees from the seller.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A clause included in small print, which is ambiguous or presented as a mere formality, may be challenged on the grounds of a lack of transparency. Signing a visit form does not imply that the consumer understood and accepted a financial obligation that was not clearly highlighted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Similarly, a clause included for the first time in the booking or the deposit agreement may prove problematic if the buyer did not receive that information before making a financial commitment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The buyer\u2019s rights as a consumer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When a person buys a property for private use and is acting outside the scope of any business or professional activity, they are normally considered a consumer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In such cases, the&nbsp;Catalan Consumer Code&nbsp;and the&nbsp;national General Law for the Protection of Consumers and Users&nbsp;apply<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These regulations require the estate agent to provide, before the consumer is bound by the contract, clear, comprehensible and sufficient information on the legal and financial terms of the service. Among other requirements:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>full price<\/strong>, including taxes and ancillary charges, must be disclosed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If the price cannot be calculated directly, a\u00a0<strong>prior quotation<\/strong>\u00a0must be provided, unless the consumer expressly waives this right in accordance with the terms laid down by law.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Any additional charges must be disclosed and accepted.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Any additional payment requires the consumer\u2019s express consent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The invoice must not include services or amounts that were not previously agreed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, the agency should not disclose the commission to the buyer once the booking has been finalised, when the deposit is paid, at the notary\u2019s office or after the transaction has been completed. Financial information must be provided well in advance so that the consumer can make an informed decision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What happens if there is no order form?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is important to distinguish between two aspects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Administrative consequences<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the agency has advertised or marketed the property on behalf of the owner without a letter of instruction, it is in breach of the Catalan Law on the Right to Housing. This conduct may be the subject of a complaint to the relevant housing or consumer protection authorities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Consequences regarding the collection of fees<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In civil law, the absence of a written document does not always automatically rule out the existence of a verbal mandate or a contractual relationship inferable from conclusive acts. However, the agency will have to prove:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Who engaged its services.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What work was entrusted to it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What remuneration was agreed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>That its involvement was instrumental in concluding the sale.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>That the person against whom the claim is made was aware of and accepted the cost.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where a claim is made against the consumer buyer and, furthermore, there is a double commission, the burden of proof is particularly high: Act 18\/2007 requires an&nbsp;<strong>express agreement&nbsp;<\/strong>to charge both parties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">When can a double commission be considered valid?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A double commission will be legally more defensible where all of the following circumstances apply:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>There is a valid order form with the seller.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The buyer has actually contracted a specific and distinct service.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Both parties are aware that the agency charges both parties.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There is express acceptance of this dual remuneration.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The fees, their basis of calculation and any applicable taxes are disclosed in advance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The documentation explains which services are provided to each party.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The terms and conditions are clear, legible and not unfair.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The agency acts diligently and discloses any relevant conflicts of interest.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conversely, the commission charged to the buyer will be particularly open to challenge if the buyer merely responded to an advert, viewed the property and made an offer, without first receiving a clear quotation or contract.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Catalonia,&nbsp;<strong>an estate agent may only charge both the buyer and the seller for the same sale where there is an express agreement authorising dual remuneration<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The owner\u2019s instruction form is mandatory for marketing the property, but does not in itself bind the buyer. To claim fees from the buyer, the agency must provide evidence of a specific contract, prior information on the price and express consent, particularly regarding the simultaneous charging of both parties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Simply signing a visit form, the agency\u2019s involvement in the transaction or the subsequent issuing of an invoice do not necessarily fulfil these requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Are you an estate agent and unsure whether your legal \u2018toolkit\u2019 protects your work?&nbsp;<\/strong>At&nbsp;<strong>exnovo.law,&nbsp;<\/strong>we analyse your situation and help you work with confidence and in compliance with the law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Are you a consumer and is an estate agent claiming a commission that you were not previously informed about?&nbsp;<\/strong>At&nbsp;<strong>exnovo.law<\/strong>, we analyse the instruction form, the viewing form, the booking confirmation and the deposit agreement to determine whether the fees were validly agreed and what avenues for redress are available.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It is common for a estate agency to be involved in property sales. However, one issue is becoming increasingly controversial:&nbsp;can the same agent charge fees to both the seller and the buyer for a single transaction? In Catalonia, the answer is not an automatic \u2018yes\u2019. Double commission is subject to one essential condition:&nbsp;it must have [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1190,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1192","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legal-advice"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Can an estate agent charge commission to both the buyer and the seller in Catalonia? &#8211; EXNOVO Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/exnovo.law\/en\/can-an-estate-agent-charge-commission-to-both-the-buyer-and-the-seller-in-catalonia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Can an estate agent charge commission to both the buyer and the seller in Catalonia? &#8211; EXNOVO Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"It is common for a estate agency to be involved in property sales. However, one issue is becoming increasingly controversial:&nbsp;can the same agent charge fees to both the seller and the buyer for a single transaction? In Catalonia, the answer is not an automatic \u2018yes\u2019. Double commission is subject to one essential condition:&nbsp;it must have [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/exnovo.law\/en\/can-an-estate-agent-charge-commission-to-both-the-buyer-and-the-seller-in-catalonia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EXNOVO Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-13T14:39:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-13T14:45:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/exnovo.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/ultimatebipin-old-door-193147-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1707\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Aldo\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Aldo\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/exnovo.law\\\/en\\\/can-an-estate-agent-charge-commission-to-both-the-buyer-and-the-seller-in-catalonia\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/exnovo.law\\\/en\\\/can-an-estate-agent-charge-commission-to-both-the-buyer-and-the-seller-in-catalonia\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Aldo\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/exnovo.law\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4ca4927056a46f7434f403b5430d77e5\"},\"headline\":\"Can an estate agent charge commission to both the buyer and the seller in Catalonia?\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-13T14:39:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-13T14:45:34+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/exnovo.law\\\/en\\\/can-an-estate-agent-charge-commission-to-both-the-buyer-and-the-seller-in-catalonia\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1590,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/exnovo.law\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/exnovo.law\\\/en\\\/can-an-estate-agent-charge-commission-to-both-the-buyer-and-the-seller-in-catalonia\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/exnovo.law\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/ultimatebipin-old-door-193147-scaled.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Legal advice\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/exnovo.law\\\/en\\\/can-an-estate-agent-charge-commission-to-both-the-buyer-and-the-seller-in-catalonia\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/exnovo.law\\\/en\\\/can-an-estate-agent-charge-commission-to-both-the-buyer-and-the-seller-in-catalonia\\\/\",\"name\":\"Can an estate agent charge commission to both the buyer and the seller in Catalonia? 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&#8211; EXNOVO Law","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/exnovo.law\/en\/can-an-estate-agent-charge-commission-to-both-the-buyer-and-the-seller-in-catalonia\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Can an estate agent charge commission to both the buyer and the seller in Catalonia? &#8211; EXNOVO Law","og_description":"It is common for a estate agency to be involved in property sales. However, one issue is becoming increasingly controversial:&nbsp;can the same agent charge fees to both the seller and the buyer for a single transaction? In Catalonia, the answer is not an automatic \u2018yes\u2019. 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